Yellowhead Jawfish
Common Name
Yellowhead Jawfish
Scientific Name
Opistognathus aurifrons
Photo Credit: Adobe Stock, By Monty Chandler
Yellowhead Jawfish (Opistognathus aurifrons) are mouthbrooders — males incubate fertilized eggs in their mouths until they hatch, protecting them from predators. Fun Fact: These quirky fish often peek out of their burrows like “periscopes,” bobbing up and down to watch the world go by!
Adult Size
3–4 inches (8–10 cm)
Description
The Yellowhead Jawfish (Opistognathus aurifrons) is a fascinating burrower, beloved for its quirky behavior of bobbing vertically at the entrance of its sand cave. With its bright yellow head and elongated body, it is a favorite among aquarists who enjoy observing natural behaviors.
This species is unique in its demands: it requires a deep sand bed (4–6 inches or more) to construct burrows, peaceful tankmates that won’t disturb its den, and a secure lid to prevent jumping. Watching a jawfish scoop mouthfuls of sand and peek out from its burrow is one of the most endearing sights in reef aquaria.
While hardy once settled, the Yellowhead Jawfish is best suited for intermediate aquarists who can provide the specialized environment it needs.
Recommended Aquarium Size & Water Parameters
A minimum of 30–40 gallons is recommended, with a deep sand bed and stable rockwork to support burrow construction.
| Parameter | Range & Notes |
|---|---|
| Minimum Tank Size | 30–40 gallons; deep sand bed required for burrow construction |
| Temperature | 75–82°F (24–28°C); stable tropical range preferred |
| Specific Gravity | 1.023–1.026; reef-safe salinity range |
| pH | 8.1–8.4; slightly basic, supports biological stability |
| Nitrate | <20 ppm (fish-only); <5–10 ppm (reef); lower levels preferred for coral health |
Reef Safety & Compatibility
Yellowhead Jawfish are reef-safe with corals and invertebrates but can be territorial around their burrow. They thrive with peaceful tankmates that won’t dig or disturb their sand bed.
| Category | Examples | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Ideal | Small peaceful gobies, blennies, reef-safe inverts | Non-aggressive tankmates that won’t dig or harass burrow |
| Caution | Large semi-aggressive fish, sand-sifters | May disrupt burrow or prey on jawfish |
| Avoid | Large predatory fish, aggressive wrasses | High stress and predation risk |
| Tank Layout Tip | Deep sand bed (4–6”+) and stable rock, minimal active diggers | Ensure secure burrow substrate and overhangs for safety |
History & Origin
Native to the Western Atlantic and Caribbean, the Yellowhead Jawfish inhabits sandy reef flats and rubble zones. It is now often available as captive-bred, though wild-caught specimens remain common in the trade.
Temperament & Personality
The Yellowhead Jawfish is nervous by nature, often peeking from its burrow and retreating when startled. It will leap when frightened, making a secure lid essential. Once settled, it becomes a charming and visible member of the aquarium, delighting aquarists with its sand-sifting and burrow-guarding behavior.
Care Highlights
Diet: Carnivore — mysis shrimp, copepods, enriched frozen foods; prefers small, frequent feedings to mimic natural foraging.
Tank Setup: Requires a deep sand bed (4–6”+) with stable rockwork to support burrow construction. Peaceful tankmates are essential to reduce stress.
Breeding: Mouthbrooding has been reported in some Opistognathus species; males carry fertilized eggs in their mouths until hatching. Pair bonding may occur in stable, low-stress environments.
Health: Sensitive to sand disruption and aggressive tankmates. Stress can lead to refusal to eat or jumping attempts.
Common Health Issues: Stress-related refusal to feed, predation risk from larger fish, and jumping losses if the tank is not securely covered.
Lifespan: 5–8 years in well-maintained aquaria with proper burrow conditions.
